Yakadhindwa yedunhu bhodhi (PCB) prototyping ine yakakwirira-kumhanya ndangariro nzvimbo inogona kuve inonetsa basa. Vagadziri vanowanzosangana nematambudziko ekuvimbisa kutendeseka kwechiratidzo, kuderedza ruzha, uye kuwana kukurumidza-kumhanya kuita. Nekudaro, nenzira dzakakodzera uye maturusi, zvinokwanisika kukunda matambudziko aya uye nekubudirira prototype maPCB epamusoro-kumhanya ndangariro nzvimbo.
Mune ino blog positi, isu tichaongorora akasiyana matekiniki uye akanakisa maitiro ePCB prototyping tichishandisa yakakwirira-kumhanya yekurangarira nzvimbo. Tichakurukura kuvimbika kwechiratidzo, kuderedza ruzha, uye kukosha kwekusarudza zvikamu zvakakodzera. Saka, ngatinyure tichipinda munyika yeyakakwira-kumhanya ndangariro interface prototyping!
Dzidza nezvechiratidzo chekutendeseka
Signal kutendeseka inoita basa rakakosha muyepamusoro-kumhanya memory interface dhizaini. Inoreva kunaka kwemagetsi masaini anopfuura nePCB traces uye majoini. Kuti uve nechokwadi chekutendeseka kwechiratidzo, zvakakosha kufunga zvinhu zvakaita senge impedance yekufananidza, matekiniki ekumisa, uye inodzorwa impedance nzira.
Impedance kuenzanisa kwakakosha kudzivirira zviratidzo zvinoratidzira zvinogona kukonzera huwori hwedata uye nyaya dzenguva. Izvo zvinosanganisira kugadzira tambo yekutumira ine hunhu impedance inoenderana nekwakabva uye kurodha impedances. Zvishandiso zveSoftware senge Altium Dhizaini uye Cadence Allegro inogona kubatsira kuverenga uye kuongorora iyo impedance kukosha kweakakosha traces.
Tekinoroji yekumisa inoshandiswa kubvisa zviratidzo zvechiratidzo uye kuve nechokwadi chekushandura chiratidzo chakachena. Nzira dzakakurumbira dzekumisa dzinosanganisira kumisa nhevedzano, kumisa kwakafanana, uye kumisa musiyano. Sarudzo yekumisa tekinoroji inotsamira pane chaiyo yekurangarira interface uye inodiwa chiratidzo chemhando.
Inodzorwa impedance routing inosanganisira kuchengetedza inowirirana trace wides, spacing, uye layer stacking kuti uwane chaiyo impedance kukosha. Izvi zvakakosha kune yakakwira-kumhanya yekurangarira nzvimbo sezvo ichibatsira kuderedza kuderedzwa kwechiratidzo uye kuchengetedza chiratidzo chekuvimbika.
Deredza ruzha
Noise muvengi wepamusoro-speed memory interfaces. Inogona kukanganisa data, kuunza zvikanganiso, uye kusvibisa maitiro ehurongwa hwese. Kuti uderedze ruzha, hunyanzvi hwekudzika pasi, decoupling capacitors, uye magetsi ekupa kuvimbika kuongororwa kwakakosha.
Nzira dzekudzikisa pasi dzinosanganisira kugadzira ndege yepasi yakasimba uye kuderedza nzvimbo yepasi loop. Ndege yakasimba yepasi inobatsira kudzivirira ruzha rwunokonzerwa nezvikamu zviri padyo uye inoderedza crosstalk. Ground loop nzvimbo dzinofanirwa kudzikiswa nekugadzira imwe-point yepasi yekubatanidza kune ese zvikamu.
Decoupling capacitors anoshandiswa kutora yakakwirira-frequency ruzha uye kudzikamisa magetsi. Kuisa decoupling capacitors padhuze ne-high-speed memory chips uye zvimwe zvakakosha zvakakosha pakupa simba rakachena uye kuderedza ruzha.
Kuongorora kwesimba rekuvimbika kunobatsira kuona zvingangoitika nyaya dzekugovera magetsi. Zvishandiso zvakaita seSIwave, PowerSI, uye HyperLynx zvinopa hunyanzvi hwekuyedza kuongorora network yemagetsi uye kuona nzvimbo dzinoda kugadziridzwa kuitira kunyatsoita.
Kusarudzwa kwechikamu
Kusarudza iwo akakodzera zvikamu zveyakakwira-kumhanya memory interface prototyping kwakakosha. Zvikamu zvinosangana nezvinodiwa zvemagetsi uye nguva zvakakosha kuti uve nechokwadi chekufambisa data kwakavimbika uye kwakaringana. Zvinonyanya kukosha pakusarudza zvikamu zvinosanganisira:
1. Memory Chip:Ziva mamemory machipi akagadzirirwa yakakwirira-kumhanya nzvimbo uye nekupa inodiwa kugona uye kuita. Sarudzo dzakakurumbira dzinosanganisira DDR4, DDR5, LPDDR4 uye LPDDR5.
2. Zvibatanidza:Shandisa zvibatanidza zvemhando yepamusoro zvinokwanisa kubata masaini ekumhanya pasina kukonzera kudzikisira kwechiratidzo. Ita shuwa kuti majoini ane yakaderera yekuisa kurasikirwa, yakaderera crosstalk uye yakanakisa EMI kuita.
3. Chishandiso chewachi:Sarudza mudziyo wewachi unogona kupa chiratidzo chakatsiga uye chakarurama. PLL-yakavakirwa wachi jenareta kana kristaro oscillator inowanzoshandiswa kune yakakwirira-kumhanya yekurangarira nzvimbo.
4. Passive components:Sarudza passive components senge resistors, capacitors, uye inductors zvinosangana nezvinodiwa zve impedance, capacitance, uye inductance values.
Prototyping Zvishandiso uye Techniques
Zvino zvatakurukura zvakakosha zvekugadzira-yepamusoro-kumhanya ndangariro nzvimbo, yave nguva yekuongorora maturusi eprototyping uye matekiniki anowanikwa kune PCB vagadziri. Mamwe maturusi anoshandiswa zvakanyanya uye matekiniki anosanganisira:
1. PCB dhizaini software:Shandisa advanced PCB dhizaini software seAltium Designer, Cadence Allegro, kana Eagle kugadzira PCB marongero. Aya maturusi esoftware anopa yakakwira-kumhanya dhizaini mitemo, impedance Calculator, uye simulation kugona kuona chiratidzo chekuvimbika.
2. High-speed test equipment:Shandisa yakakwirira-kumhanya bvunzo michina yakadai seoscilloscopes, logic analyzer, uye majenareta emasaini kuratidza uye kugadzirisa memory interface dhizaini. Zvishandiso izvi zvinobatsira kutora uye kuongorora masaini, kuyera kutendeseka kwechiratidzo, uye kuona matambudziko.
3. PCB Manufacturing Services:Kudyidzana neakavimbika PCB yekugadzira masevhisi ane hunyanzvi mukugadzira-kumhanya uye yakakwirira-density PCB kugadzira. Vagadziri ava vanovimbisa huchokwadi, huchokwadi uye mhando mukugadzira prototype.
4. Signal kutendeseka simulation:Shandisa maturusi akadai seHyperLynx, SIwave, kana Cadence Sigrity kuita chiratidzo chekuvimbika simulation kuratidza dhizaini, kuona zvingangoitika chiratidzo chekutendeseka, uye kugadzirisa nzira kuti uderedze kuderedzwa kwechiratidzo.
Nekushandisa aya maturusi uye matekiniki, unogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya budiriro yeako-yepamusoro-kumhanya ndangariro interface prototyping kuedza. Rangarira kudzokorora, kuyedza, uye kukwidziridza dhizaini yako kuti iite zvakakwana.
Mukupedzisa
Kugadzira uye prototyping PCB ine yakakwirira-kumhanya ndangariro interface inogona kuve ibasa rakaoma. Nekudaro, nekunzwisisa misimboti yekuvimbika kwechiratidzo, kudzikisira ruzha, kusarudza zvinhu zvakakodzera, uye kushandisa maturusi emhando yepamusoro uye matekiniki, unogona kuve nechokwadi chekuita kwakabudirira.
Mafungiro akadai senge impedance yekufananidza, nzira dzekumisa, inodzorwa impedance routing, kudzika kwakaringana, decoupling capacitors, uye magetsi ekupa kuvimbika kuongororwa kwakakosha kuti uwane kutendeseka kwechiratidzo uye kuderedza ruzha. Kungwarira kwechikamu kusarudzwa uye kubatana neakavimbika PCB mugadziri akakosha kuti uwane yakakwira-inoshanda memory interface.
Saka, tora nguva yekuronga, kugadzira, uye prototype yako yepamusoro-yekumhanya ndangariro interface PCB, uye iwe uchave wakanyatso kurongeka kuti usangane nezvinodiwa zvemazuva ano emagetsi masisitimu. Happy prototyping!
Nguva yekutumira: Oct-28-2023
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